Wood heating
Germany
National rules, incentive, climate and energy prices. The rules of the deciding level, where they have been read, are in the chapter «Where it is decided».
Rules valid across the country
26 rules, from 1 act
Where it is decided
No acts read below national level
National incentive
BEG Heizungsförderung — KfW 458
EU regulations for new appliances
The same in all 7 countries. They apply to whoever places a new appliance on the market.
For a new appliance, the requirement common to the 7 countries is the two Ecodesign regulations:
- Regulation (EU) 2015/1185 — ecodesign requirements for solid fuel local space heaters
- Regulation (EU) 2015/1189 — ecodesign requirements for solid fuel boilers
The 4 citations extracted so far, in the regulation's words:
- Minimum seasonal efficiency of closed-fronted pellet stoves, from 1 January 2022: «che utiliz zano legno compresso granulare (pellet) non è inferiore al 79 %» allegato II, punto 1, lettera a), iii) · Regulation (EU) 2015/1185
- Particulate limit for open-fronted appliances, from 1 January 2022: «locale a combustibile solido a focolare aperto non superano 50 mg/m» allegato II, punto 2, lettera a), i) · Regulation (EU) 2015/1185
- Minimum seasonal efficiency of boilers up to 20 kW, from 1 January 2020: «aventi una potenza termica nominale massima di 20 kW non può essere inferiore al 75 %» allegato II, punto 1, lettera a) · Regulation (EU) 2015/1189
- Minimum seasonal efficiency of boilers above 20 kW, from 1 January 2020: «aventi una potenza termica nominale superiore a 20 kW non può essere inferiore al 77 %» allegato II, punto 1, lettera b) · Regulation (EU) 2015/1189
The rest of the two regulations — the emission limits for each appliance type and the other efficiencies — has not been extracted yet: this page does not show it, and the national rules below do not replace it.
- European regulations
- 2 regulations acquired, with verified citations; their requirements are not modelled as rules yet
European Union ·
The two regulations are acquired with their fingerprint and verified citations. Their specifications are not modelled as rules: no rule in EMBER carries the «European Union» level, and the page shows the citations, not an obligation.
Rules valid across the country
Acts of the State, valid across the whole territory. Every rule carries the paragraph it comes from and the date it applies from.
- National framework
- 26 rules, from 1 act
What may be installed
Values the appliance must not exceed, at 13 % oxygen in the flue gas (§ 4 Absatz 2); the act does not say whether the power is input or output.
| Appliance | Carbon monoxideCO | Particulate matterStaub |
|---|---|---|
| Room heaters with a flat firebox — «Raumheizer mit Flachfeuerung»Raumheizer mit Flachfeuerung | 1.25 g/m³ · 13% O₂ | 0.04 g/m³ · 13% O₂ |
| Room heaters with a filling firebox — «Raumheizer mit Füllfeuerung»Raumheizer mit Füllfeuerung | 1.25 g/m³ · 13% O₂ | 0.04 g/m³ · 13% O₂ |
| Heat-storage stoves — «Speichereinzelfeuerstätten»Speichereinzelfeuerstätten | 1.25 g/m³ · 13% O₂ | 0.04 g/m³ · 13% O₂ |
| Fireplace inserts, closed operation — «Kamineinsätze (geschlossene Betriebsweise)»Kamineinsätze (geschlossene Betriebsweise) | 1.25 g/m³ · 13% O₂ | 0.04 g/m³ · 13% O₂ |
| Tiled-stove inserts with a flat firebox — «Kachelofeneinsätze mit Flachfeuerung»Kachelofeneinsätze mit Flachfeuerung | 1.25 g/m³ · 13% O₂ | 0.04 g/m³ · 13% O₂ |
| Tiled-stove inserts with a filling firebox — «Kachelofeneinsätze mit Füllfeuerung»Kachelofeneinsätze mit Füllfeuerung | 1.25 g/m³ · 13% O₂ | 0.04 g/m³ · 13% O₂ |
| Solid-fuel cookers — «Herde»Herde | 1.50 g/m³ · 13% O₂ | 0.04 g/m³ · 13% O₂ |
| Solid-fuel heating cookers — «Heizungsherde»Heizungsherde | 1.50 g/m³ · 13% O₂ | 0.04 g/m³ · 13% O₂ |
| Pellet stoves without a water heat exchanger — «Pelletöfen ohne Wassertasche»Pelletöfen ohne Wassertasche | 0.25 g/m³ · 13% O₂ | 0.03 g/m³ · 13% O₂ |
| Pellet stoves with a water heat exchanger — «Pelletöfen mit Wassertasche»Pelletöfen mit Wassertasche | 0.25 g/m³ · 13% O₂ | 0.02 g/m³ · 13% O₂ |
Applies to the 20 rules in the table: § 4(3) requires these limits at the manufacturer's type test, and ties operation to that test: they apply to single-room appliances installed after 31 December 2014, tiled stoves (Grundöfen) and open fireplaces excluded. For those installed from 22 March 2010 to 31 December 2014 the limits of the first band of the table remain (§ 26(6)). A single-room heating appliance that fits none of the ten types follows the limits for room heaters with a flat firebox. The limits stay in g/m³, as the table writes them, and the table does not say on which power they are read.
the text, on the publisher's site
In force from 1 January 2015, as recorded on 16 September 2026 · 1. BImSchV — federal ordinance on small and medium combustion plants, 26 January 2010, Anlage 4 Nummer 1, Stufe 2. A cell's provision is this one, followed by those of its column and its row.
The appliance must not exceed 0.02 g/m³ of particulate matter nor 0.40 g/m³ of carbon monoxide, at 13 % oxygen in the flue gas (§ 4 Absatz 2); power means heat output.
For boilers and other solid-fuel installations of 4 kW or more that are not single-room appliances, burning wood, pellets or coal — «Feuerungsanlagen für feste Brennstoffe mit einer Nennwärmeleistung von 4 Kilowatt oder mehr, ausgenommen Einzelraumfeuerungsanlagen»
Only for systems with a rated heat output from 4 kW.
§ 5(1) requires these installations to be set up and run within the limits of the table. The row applies to the fuels of § 3(1) numbers 1 to 5a: coal and, among the wood fuels, natural wood in pieces (number 4) and natural-wood briquettes and pellets (number 5a). For installations burning only log wood the second band applies to those installed after 31 December 2016 (paragraph 1, second sentence); for those installed from 22 March 2010 to 31 December 2014 the limits of the first band remain (§ 25(3)). The rated output is the output delivered (§ 2 number 10).
In force from 1 January 2015, as recorded on 16 September 2026 · 1. BImSchV — federal ordinance on small and medium combustion plants, 26 January 2010, § 5 Absatz 1, Stufe 2, Nummer 1 bis 5a
What may be used
The appliance must not exceed 0.15 g/m³ of particulate matter nor 4 g/m³ of carbon monoxide, at 13 % oxygen in the flue gas (§ 4 Absatz 2); power means heat output.
For solid-fuel stoves and fireplaces installed and put into service before 22 March 2010, to stay in operation — «Einzelraumfeuerungsanlagen für feste Brennstoffe, die vor dem 22. März 2010 errichtet und in Betrieb genommen wurden»
Applies only to appliances installed by 21 March 2010.
The limits are not shown by calculation but by evidence: either the manufacturer's bench certificate, or a measurement by the chimney sweep. Anyone who could produce neither by 31 December 2013 fell under the replacement deadlines of paragraph 2, the last of which expired on 31 December 2024.
In force from 22 March 2010, as recorded on 16 September 2026 · 1. BImSchV — federal ordinance on small and medium combustion plants, 26 January 2010, § 26 Absatz 1
Which fuel may be used
Fuel allowed: Wood
the text, on the publisher's site
Applies only to occasional recreational use, not to regular heating.
The same paragraph says two things: what may be burned, and that an open fireplace may only be used occasionally. The second sits under what may be used, with its own words and its own reference.
In force from 22 March 2010, as recorded on 16 September 2026 · 1. BImSchV — federal ordinance on small and medium combustion plants, 26 January 2010, § 4 Absatz 4
Which documents are needed
Have compliance with the fuel requirements (§ 3 Absatz 3) and the condition of the appliance (§ 4 Absatz 1) checked at the periodic inspection of the firing installation, the Feuerstättenschau.
Where: Bezirksschornsteinfegermeister — the district chimney sweep, who in Germany holds a public office and is not a supplier chosen by the occupant.
The obligation is not a notification to a desk, as the Lombard ones are: it is an inspection somebody comes to carry out.who receives it without assuming that it is an office.
In force from 22 March 2010, as recorded on 16 September 2026 · 1. BImSchV — federal ordinance on small and medium combustion plants, 26 January 2010, § 15 Absatz 2
Applicable exemptions
Exemption for systems that are the only source of heating
the text, on the publisher's site
Applies only where the appliance is the only source of heating.
Applies only to appliances installed by 21 March 2010.
It exempts from the transitional limits of § 26 those who have nothing else to heat with. It is the same exemption that appears in the Italian regional acts, written in different words.
In force from 22 March 2010, as recorded on 16 September 2026 · 1. BImSchV — federal ordinance on small and medium combustion plants, 26 January 2010, § 26 Absatz 3 Nummer 4
Exemption for historic systems in protected buildings
the text, on the publisher's site
Applies only to appliances installed by 31 December 1949.
The act does not ask for proof but for plausibility («glaubhaft machen»), and the one who judges it is the district chimney sweep.
In force from 22 March 2010, as recorded on 16 September 2026 · 1. BImSchV — federal ordinance on small and medium combustion plants, 26 January 2010, § 26 Absatz 3 Nummer 5
Where it is decided
The Länder may add requirements on top of the federal regulation, and cities may set local limits through their air quality plans. None of these acts has been acquired yet.
- Who sets the rules
- 0 Länder of 16, with the acts read
EMBER count ·
Source: European Union — Eurostat GISCO — NUTS 2024 boundaries, level 1, scale 1:20 million —
How this figure was obtained: EMBER count: 0 units out of 16 have acts read. The list of units is the source's; how many are read is ours. Carried out on NUTS 2024 boundaries, level 1, scale 1:20 million, sha256
31605ef741134a7c.The Länder may add requirements on top of the 1. BImSchV, and cities may set local limits through their air quality plans (Luftreinhaltepläne). None of these acts has been acquired yet: look for them on the portal of the Land's environment ministry, under Immissionsschutz.
Units with rules read (Länder)
No unit with rules read.
Units not read (Länder)
- 16 Länder
Not acquired yetEMBER has not taken it from its source yet. That does not mean the figure does not exist, that it is zero, or that there are no restrictions.
Where to look: The Länder may add requirements on top of the 1. BImSchV, and cities may set local limits through their air quality plans (Luftreinhaltepläne). None of these acts has been acquired yet: look for them on the portal of the Land's environment ministry, under Immissionsschutz.
List
Baden-Württemberg · Bayern · Berlin · Brandenburg · Bremen · Hamburg · Hessen · Mecklenburg-Vorpommern · Niedersachsen · Nordrhein-Westfalen · Rheinland-Pfalz · Saarland · Sachsen · Sachsen-Anhalt · Schleswig-Holstein · Thüringen
no source ·
No source acquired. Last checked:
Not acquired yet. EMBER has not taken it from its source yet. That does not mean the figure does not exist, that it is zero, or that there are no restrictions.
Eurostat heating degree days 2025: among the 16 units not read with a value (Länder), the three with the most degree days are Bayern 3,092 heating degree days, Thüringen 3,027 heating degree days, Sachsen 2,994 heating degree days. Eurostat, nrg_chddr2_a
All values
Bayern 3,092 heating degree days · Thüringen 3,027 heating degree days · Sachsen 2,994 heating degree days · Baden-Württemberg 2,912 heating degree days · Mecklenburg-Vorpommern 2,853 heating degree days · Hessen 2,832 heating degree days · Brandenburg 2,817 heating degree days · Schleswig-Holstein 2,802 heating degree days · Sachsen-Anhalt 2,794 heating degree days · Niedersachsen 2,713 heating degree days · Hamburg 2,712 heating degree days · Rheinland-Pfalz 2,686 heating degree days · Bremen 2,677 heating degree days · Berlin 2,667 heating degree days · Nordrhein-Westfalen 2,611 heating degree days · Saarland 2,594 heating degree days
Population on 1 January 2025: among the same units, the three most populous are Nordrhein-Westfalen 18,034,454 inhabitants, Bayern 13,248,928 inhabitants, Baden-Württemberg 11,245,898 inhabitants. Eurostat, demo_r_pjanaggr3
All population values
Nordrhein-Westfalen 18,034,454 inhabitants · Bayern 13,248,928 inhabitants · Baden-Württemberg 11,245,898 inhabitants · Niedersachsen 8,004,489 inhabitants · Hessen 6,280,793 inhabitants · Rheinland-Pfalz 4,129,569 inhabitants · Sachsen 4,042,422 inhabitants · Berlin 3,685,265 inhabitants · Schleswig-Holstein 2,959,517 inhabitants · Brandenburg 2,556,747 inhabitants · Sachsen-Anhalt 2,135,597 inhabitants · Thüringen 2,100,277 inhabitants · Hamburg 1,862,565 inhabitants · Mecklenburg-Vorpommern 1,573,597 inhabitants · Saarland 1,012,141 inhabitants · Bremen 704,881 inhabitants
Degree days say how much heating is needed, population how many people there are: two variables, not an index — they are neither added nor multiplied.
National incentive
- Measure
- BEG Heizungsförderung — KfW 458
BEG Heizungsförderung — KfW 458 · KfW, Kreditanstalt für Wiederaufbau
the text, on the publisher's site
How much
Applies to every beneficiary of the measure, listed under «Who can apply».
30% of eligible costs — the act sets no duration «Details zur Förderung» — Grundförderung
- +16 points — owners living in the house they own, and only when replacing a still-working oil, coal, single-floor gas or night-storage electric system, whatever its age («funktionstüchtigen Ölheizungen, Kohleheizungen, Gas-Etagenheizungen und Nachtstromspeicherheizungen unabhängig von deren Alter»); for gas and biomass only if the system has been in service for at least twenty years. It falls by 4 points every six months from 01.02.2027 and is no longer granted for applications from 01.08.2028 «Bonusförderung» — Klimageschwindigkeitsbonus
- +40 points — owners living in the house they own, with taxable household income up to 30,000 euro a year «Bonusförderung» — Einkommensbonus, letter a)
- +30 points — owners living in the house they own, with taxable household income up to 40,000 euro a year «Bonusförderung» — Einkommensbonus, letter b)
- +10 points — owners living in the house they own, with taxable household income up to 50,000 euro a year «Bonusförderung» — Einkommensbonus, letter c)
Who can apply
- Private individuals, for buildings in the residential category — owners living in the single-family house they own «Wer kann Anträge stellen?», first item
- Private individuals, for buildings in the residential category — owners of a single-family house that is let or not lived in by them «Wer kann Anträge stellen?», third item
- Private individuals, for buildings in the residential category — owners of a flat in a condominium, for works on their own property «Wer kann Anträge stellen?», third item
The act does not declare this list closed: other parties might qualify, and we do not know. «Nicht antragsberechtigt sind insbesondere» «Wer kann Anträge stellen?», list of exclusions
Who is excluded by name
- civil-law partnerships registered as owners in the land register, and their partners — «Im Grundbuch als Eigentümer eingetragene Gesellschaften bürgerlichen Rechts (GbR) und ihre Gesellschafter» «Wer kann Anträge stellen?», exclusions, first item
- persons holding a usufruct over a residential building — «Personen, für die ein Nießbrauchrecht an einem Wohngebäude bestellt wurde» «Wer kann Anträge stellen?», exclusions, second item
Conditions
You must: Biomass boilers are among the eligible technologies («Biomasseheizungen»)
Applies to every beneficiary of the measure, listed under «Who can apply».
«Förderfähige Heizungstechnik»
You must: Cumulation with other public aid — loans, subsidies, grants — up to 60 % of the subsidised investment costs: Eine Kumulierung mit anderen öffentlichen Fördermitteln wie Krediten, Zulagen und Zuschüssen ist bis zu 60 Prozent der geförderten Investitionskosten möglich
Applies to every beneficiary of the measure, listed under «Who can apply».
«Kumulierung»
Thresholds
- minimum investment from 300 euro gross «Wie wird gefördert?»
«Die Mindestinvestitionssumme liegt bei 300 Euro (brutto)» - eligible costs, first dwelling unit up to 28,000 euro «Obergrenze des Fördersatzes» — Förderhöchstbetrag
«28.000 Euro für die erste Wohneinheit» - eligible costs, second to sixth dwelling unit up to 15,000 euro per unit «Obergrenze des Fördersatzes» — Förderhöchstbetrag
«jeweils 15.000 Euro für die zweite bis sechste Wohneinheit» - eligible costs, each unit beyond the sixth up to 8,000 euro per unit «Obergrenze des Fördersatzes» — Förderhöchstbetrag
«jeweils 8.000 Euro für jede weitere Wohneinheit»
What the appliance must have
- The minimum technical requirements are not in this document: the Merkblatt refers to the BEG directive for individual measures and to its annex «Technische Mindestanforderungen» — Nähere Einzelheiten dazu finden Sie in der diesem Merkblatt zu Grunde liegenden "Richtlinie für die Bundesförderung für effiziente Gebäude – Einzelmaßnahmen (BEG EM)" und deren Anlage "Technische Mindestanforderungen" (TMA) «Details zur Förderung» — Grundförderung
Can be combined
it can be combined with other public funding — loans, allowances, grants — up to 60 per cent of the subsidised investment costs — «Eine Kumulierung mit anderen öffentlichen Fördermitteln wie Krediten, Zulagen und Zuschüssen ist bis zu 60 Prozent der geförderten Investitionskosten möglich» «Kumulierung»
Not acquired yet the status of the measure — it does not mean it is open, nor that it is closed. Where to look: The Merkblatt states the conditions, not whether the scheme is currently accepting applications: that is said by the KfW portal and the notices on product 458. It is not acquired.
no source ·
No source acquired. Last checked:
Merkblatt of programme 458 — BEG grant for replacing the heating system, private individuals, residential buildings — conditions in force from 21.07.2026. In force from 21 July 2026. Text · sha256 27056983339718d6…
Measures not read
No measure declared as still to read.
Climate and energy prices in Germany
How much heating is used and what it costs. These are European statistical measures, updated periodically: they describe the market, they do not impose obligations.
The same indicators for the 7 countries, side by side: Markets.
Heating degree days (European measure)
2,858 heating degree days
the value for the whole country, from the same table: here it is not attributed from a smaller unit, it is the country's own row.
year 2025 · computed from measured data
Eurostat heating degree days, 18 °C base with a 15 °C daily mean temperature activation threshold.
Not comparable with the degree days of Presidential Decree 412/1993: different base and threshold, and those are set by decree rather than measured.
Source: Eurostat, table nrg_chddr2_a. Updated annually.
Energy used by households for space heating
1,418,853 TJ
national value: it is the scale at which the energy balance exists, and it cannot be split further down without estimating it.
year 2024 · computed from measured data
final energy consumption of households for space heating, all energy carriers, from the annual energy balances.
Energy balances come out with roughly a two-year lag: the reference year is not the current year.
Reference period: 2024.
Source: Eurostat, table nrg_d_hhq. Updated annually.
Household electricity price — all taxes included
0.3869 €/kWh
national value: it is the scale at which this price exists, and the only one Eurostat publishes it at.
2025 survey · administrative records
half-yearly average electricity price for household consumers, Eurostat survey of suppliers.
Price all charges included, VAT included.
Consumption 2500 to 4999 kWh a year (band DC).
The same price excluding taxes and VAT is 0.2625 €/kWh.
The consumption bands differ from one another more than they differ between countries: a price without its band is not a price.
Reference period: 2025-H2.
Source: Eurostat, table nrg_pc_204. Updated every six months.
Household gas price — all taxes included
0.1223 €/kWh
national value: it is the scale at which this price exists, and the only one Eurostat publishes it at.
2025 survey · administrative records
half-yearly average gas price for household consumers, Eurostat survey of suppliers.
Price all charges included, VAT included.
Consumption 20 to 199 GJ a year (band D2).
The same price excluding taxes and VAT is 0.0837 €/kWh.
The consumption bands differ from one another more than they differ between countries: a price without its band is not a price.
Reference period: 2025-H2.
Source: Eurostat, table nrg_pc_202. Updated every six months.
Sources
The sha256 fingerprints identify the exact copy of the file these data come from. Content determines the name: the same file always has the same fingerprint and the same name.
Germany — KfW, Kreditanstalt für Wiederaufbau — Merkblatt for programme 458 — BEG grant for replacing the heating system, private individuals, residential buildings
· the file · the publisher's page
Fingerprint, preserved copy, licence and description
The document in which KfW states the conditions of the German national incentive for replacing a heat generator, biomass included. It is the primary source for the rates, the bonuses and the maximum eligible costs: the product page summarises them, and a summary is not a source. Acquired because it is the information that changes faster than the legislation — KfW amended the conditions on 21 July 2026.
- The data refer to
- conditions in force after the amendment of 21 July 2026, based on the BEG directive for single measures in its version of 17 July 2026
- Acquired on
- File fingerprint (sha256)
27056983339718d66cb02e9dd526db5787df742350de15eb7821040299d9fd5d- Preserved copy
- In the source archive, under the name
27056983339718d66cb02e9dd526db5787df742350de15eb7821040299d9fd5d.pdf. The content determines the name: the same file always has the same fingerprint and the same name. - Licence
- No open licence declared by the publisher. A document of KfW, a public-law institution. It declares no reuse licence: the conditions are cited as a source, with explicit attribution and a link to the original document.
Germany — Bundesministerium der Justiz — 1. BImSchV — Erste Verordnung zur Durchführung des Bundes-Immissionsschutzgesetzes, on small and medium combustion installations
· the file · the publisher's page
Fingerprint, preserved copy, licence and description
The German regulation on small and medium combustion plants: emission limits for solid-fuel appliances and, in paragraph 26, the transitional rules that set the replacement deadlines for old appliances. It is the first of the two layers that genuinely vary from country to country — the local exceptions above the European floor.
- Reference page
- https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/bimschv_1_2010/
- The data refer to
- text in force as published on gesetze-im-internet.de
- Acquired on
- File fingerprint (sha256)
c484e37ea47fcf9c6c9201e2766fd48f59737c158479d190ce92948f465615c2- Preserved copy
- In the source archive, under the name
c484e37ea47fcf9c6c9201e2766fd48f59737c158479d190ce92948f465615c2.pdf. The content determines the name: the same file always has the same fingerprint and the same name. - Licence
- No open licence declared by the publisher. The portal is maintained by the Federal Ministry of Justice. The text is a legislative act and is cited as a source, reproduced in extract with the paragraph identified. The portal warns that the published versions do not replace official publication in the Bundesgesetzblatt.
European Union — Eurostat — Disaggregated final energy consumption in households — quantities (nrg_d_hhq)
· the file · the publisher's page
Fingerprint, preserved copy, licence and description
How much energy households use, and for what: space heating, hot water, cooking. It is the denominator missing from almost every claim about biomass heating. Acquired per country, because the breakdown by end use does not exist at regional level.
- The data refer to
- latest year available at the date of acquisition
- Acquired on
- File fingerprint (sha256)
e4c02ed966714552ed0f9dd1b6b34d3197cfb551c415558c59f43a06c1e92b99- Preserved copy
- In the source archive, under the name
e4c02ed966714552ed0f9dd1b6b34d3197cfb551c415558c59f43a06c1e92b99.json. The content determines the name: the same file always has the same fingerprint and the same name. - Licence
- Reuse authorised by Decision 2011/833/EU. Eurostat allows reuse of its data, including commercial reuse, with the source indicated. The data remain official statistics as long as they are not recomputed: here they are not recomputed.
European Union — Eurostat — Cooling and heating degree days by NUTS 2 regions — annual data (nrg_chddr2_a)
· the file · the publisher's page
Fingerprint, preserved copy, licence and description
How cold it gets, in a measure comparable across countries. The dataset is titled for NUTS 2 regions but also holds the NUTS 3 level: 107 Italian units, all populated. It serves to say how much a rule actually weighs — a replacement obligation costs differently where heating runs eight months a year. It is NOT comparable with the degree days of Presidential Decree 412/1993 on Italian municipality pages: those are set by decree on a 20 °C base and never updated, these are computed on an 18 °C base with a 15 °C threshold.
- The data refer to
- latest year available at the date of acquisition
- Acquired on
- File fingerprint (sha256)
f1033767e02e2c52cb4ab85f313c09186e343737db406cf98aaca2c982c8b004- Preserved copy
- In the source archive, under the name
f1033767e02e2c52cb4ab85f313c09186e343737db406cf98aaca2c982c8b004.json. The content determines the name: the same file always has the same fingerprint and the same name. - Licence
- Reuse authorised by Decision 2011/833/EU. Eurostat allows reuse of its data, including commercial reuse, with the source indicated. The data remain official statistics as long as they are not recomputed: here they are not recomputed.
European Union — Eurostat — Population on 1 January by broad age group, sex and NUTS 3 region (demo_r_pjanaggr3)
· the file · the publisher's page
Fingerprint, preserved copy, licence and description
How many people live in a unit of the level that decides: all ages, both sexes, on 1 January. It stands next to the degree days on jurisdictions not read — degree days say how much heating is needed, this says how many people there are — and the two are neither added nor combined: they are two variables, and the reader weighs them. The URL already asks for the total (sex T, age TOTAL) and the latest year available: the conserved copy carries one row per region, not the whole table by age group.
- The data refer to
- latest year available at the date of acquisition
- Acquired on
- File fingerprint (sha256)
3675c6f45d6d6ee6ed98f1d7dfcaaafc16d2fefee6b42f9b2c7bff2093473264- Preserved copy
- In the source archive, under the name
3675c6f45d6d6ee6ed98f1d7dfcaaafc16d2fefee6b42f9b2c7bff2093473264.json. The content determines the name: the same file always has the same fingerprint and the same name. - Licence
- Reuse authorised by Decision 2011/833/EU. Eurostat allows reuse of its data, including commercial reuse, with the source indicated. The data remain official statistics as long as they are not recomputed: here they are not recomputed.
European Union — Eurostat — Electricity prices for household consumers — bi-annual data (nrg_pc_204)
· the file · the publisher's page
Fingerprint, preserved copy, licence and description
As for gas, and with the same warning about consumption bands: Eurostat publishes five of them, and they differ from one another more than they differ between countries. It serves the comparison with heat pumps, which is the real benchmark for biomass in both the Italian and the German incentives.
- The data refer to
- latest half-year available at the date of acquisition
- Acquired on
- File fingerprint (sha256)
6f4a0c7485afa23fe88f267c8128c913ef8a9c4b103b260b60d2e64ef64a5e8a- Preserved copy
- In the source archive, under the name
6f4a0c7485afa23fe88f267c8128c913ef8a9c4b103b260b60d2e64ef64a5e8a.json. The content determines the name: the same file always has the same fingerprint and the same name. - Licence
- Reuse authorised by Decision 2011/833/EU. Eurostat allows reuse of its data, including commercial reuse, with the source indicated. The data remain official statistics as long as they are not recomputed: here they are not recomputed.
European Union — Eurostat — Gas prices for household consumers — bi-annual data (nrg_pc_202)
· the file · the publisher's page
Fingerprint, preserved copy, licence and description
The price of gas for households, by consumption band and by tax treatment. Neither qualifier is incidental: the same series publishes prices net of taxes and all-inclusive prices, and the two figures carry the same name. It serves to say what wood is being chosen against.
- The data refer to
- latest half-year available at the date of acquisition
- Acquired on
- File fingerprint (sha256)
4f1c5e352805555b48094b474ca42b3231754d3617565acf29103c585ccd17fa- Preserved copy
- In the source archive, under the name
4f1c5e352805555b48094b474ca42b3231754d3617565acf29103c585ccd17fa.json. The content determines the name: the same file always has the same fingerprint and the same name. - Licence
- Reuse authorised by Decision 2011/833/EU. Eurostat allows reuse of its data, including commercial reuse, with the source indicated. The data remain official statistics as long as they are not recomputed: here they are not recomputed.
European Union — Eurostat GISCO — NUTS 2024 boundaries, level 1, scale 1:20 million
· the file · the publisher's page
Fingerprint, preserved copy, licence and description
The first-level NUTS units of every State, with code and name. It gives code and name to the jurisdictions that coincide with this level in a country: the sixteen German Länder.
- Reference page
- https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/web/gisco/geodata/statistical-units/territorial-units-statistics
- The data refer to
- NUTS 2024 nomenclature, WGS84 coordinates (EPSG:4326)
- Acquired on
- File fingerprint (sha256)
31605ef741134a7cd07a64b8ff41fb069eae7da55c615839801012680362b11e- Preserved copy
- In the source archive, under the name
31605ef741134a7cd07a64b8ff41fb069eae7da55c615839801012680362b11e.geojson. The content determines the name: the same file always has the same fingerprint and the same name. - Licence
- Reuse authorised by Decision 2011/833/EU. Eurostat allows reuse of its data, including commercial reuse, with the source indicated. The data remain official statistics as long as they are not recomputed: here they are not recomputed.
European Union — European Commission — Regulation (EU) 2015/1185 — ecodesign requirements for solid fuel local space heaters
· the file · the publisher's page
Fingerprint, preserved copy, licence and description
The common European floor for appliances up to 50 kW: efficiency requirements and emission limits that apply from 1 January 2022 in every Member State. It serves to tell apart what is harmonised — and therefore the same everywhere — from what each country adds on top. Consolidated version of 9 January 2017: it is the text in force, but it is NOT the authentic version. EUR-Lex declares authentic only the documents published in the Official Journal of the Union, and the consolidated text is editorial.
- File
- http://publications.europa.eu/resource/cellar/9ddd7d88-803e-4f6f-9dc9-9a54e13117f2.0006.04/DOC_1
- The data refer to
- act of 24 April 2015, requirements applicable from 1 January 2022; consolidation of 9 January 2017
- Acquired on
- Text version
- Consolidated text. Consolidated as of 9 January 2017, with amendment 2016/2282. The corrigendum of 16 June 2022 is not incorporated: it is terminological, touches the articles and not Annex II, and is preserved separately. The CELLAR graph lists no other amendments (the CELLAR source on acts amending, repealing, correcting or consolidating Regulations (EU) 2015/1185 and 2015/1189).
- File fingerprint (sha256)
1fd2699748094ebd9ef83c056516a3495eca3648e57bcd3b3500cea1eafd1a9d- Preserved copy
- In the source archive, under the name
1fd2699748094ebd9ef83c056516a3495eca3648e57bcd3b3500cea1eafd1a9d.pdf. The content determines the name: the same file always has the same fingerprint and the same name. - Licence
- Reuse authorised by Decision 2011/833/EU. EUR-Lex allows reuse of legal documents for commercial and non-commercial purposes, with the source and any changes indicated. The consolidated text is editorial content under CC BY 4.0; legal force remains with the publication in the Official Journal.
European Union — European Commission — Regulation (EU) 2015/1189 — ecodesign requirements for solid fuel boilers
· the file · the publisher's page
Fingerprint, preserved copy, licence and description
The common European floor for boilers up to 500 kW, applicable from 1 January 2020. Together with 2015/1185 it bounds what does not vary from country to country. Consolidated version of 9 January 2017, editorial text: the authentic one is the publication in the Official Journal.
- File
- http://publications.europa.eu/resource/cellar/8074523d-ed10-4ac1-b67a-be0b9252c231.0006.03/DOC_1
- The data refer to
- act of 28 April 2015, requirements applicable from 1 January 2020; consolidation of 9 January 2017
- Acquired on
- Text version
- Consolidated text. Consolidated as of 9 January 2017, with amendment 2016/2282. The CELLAR graph lists no other amendments or corrigenda (the CELLAR source on acts amending, repealing, correcting or consolidating Regulations (EU) 2015/1185 and 2015/1189).
- File fingerprint (sha256)
cd92b3fe2b9ca3912ee0929ed86a09bc9b455b3d5a8a93220e1f400265e95f96- Preserved copy
- In the source archive, under the name
cd92b3fe2b9ca3912ee0929ed86a09bc9b455b3d5a8a93220e1f400265e95f96.pdf. The content determines the name: the same file always has the same fingerprint and the same name. - Licence
- Reuse authorised by Decision 2011/833/EU. As for 2015/1185: commercial and non-commercial reuse with the source indicated, and legal force only in the publication in the Official Journal.
Sources and terms of use
- Germany — KfW, Kreditanstalt für Wiederaufbau — Merkblatt for programme 458 — BEG grant for replacing the heating system, private individuals, residential buildings
- The document in which KfW states the conditions of the German national incentive for replacing a heat generator, biomass included. It is the primary source for the rates, the bonuses and the maximum eligible costs: the product page summarises them, and a summary is not a source. Acquired because it is the information that changes faster than the legislation — KfW amended the conditions on 21 July 2026.
- Germany — Bundesministerium der Justiz — 1. BImSchV — Erste Verordnung zur Durchführung des Bundes-Immissionsschutzgesetzes, on small and medium combustion installations
- The German regulation on small and medium combustion plants: emission limits for solid-fuel appliances and, in paragraph 26, the transitional rules that set the replacement deadlines for old appliances. It is the first of the two layers that genuinely vary from country to country — the local exceptions above the European floor.
- European Union — Eurostat — Disaggregated final energy consumption in households — quantities (nrg_d_hhq)
- How much energy households use, and for what: space heating, hot water, cooking. It is the denominator missing from almost every claim about biomass heating. Acquired per country, because the breakdown by end use does not exist at regional level.
- European Union — Eurostat — Cooling and heating degree days by NUTS 2 regions — annual data (nrg_chddr2_a)
- How cold it gets, in a measure comparable across countries. The dataset is titled for NUTS 2 regions but also holds the NUTS 3 level: 107 Italian units, all populated. It serves to say how much a rule actually weighs — a replacement obligation costs differently where heating runs eight months a year. It is NOT comparable with the degree days of Presidential Decree 412/1993 on Italian municipality pages: those are set by decree on a 20 °C base and never updated, these are computed on an 18 °C base with a 15 °C threshold.
- European Union — Eurostat — Population on 1 January by broad age group, sex and NUTS 3 region (demo_r_pjanaggr3)
- How many people live in a unit of the level that decides: all ages, both sexes, on 1 January. It stands next to the degree days on jurisdictions not read — degree days say how much heating is needed, this says how many people there are — and the two are neither added nor combined: they are two variables, and the reader weighs them. The URL already asks for the total (sex T, age TOTAL) and the latest year available: the conserved copy carries one row per region, not the whole table by age group.
- European Union — Eurostat — Electricity prices for household consumers — bi-annual data (nrg_pc_204)
- As for gas, and with the same warning about consumption bands: Eurostat publishes five of them, and they differ from one another more than they differ between countries. It serves the comparison with heat pumps, which is the real benchmark for biomass in both the Italian and the German incentives.
- European Union — Eurostat — Gas prices for household consumers — bi-annual data (nrg_pc_202)
- The price of gas for households, by consumption band and by tax treatment. Neither qualifier is incidental: the same series publishes prices net of taxes and all-inclusive prices, and the two figures carry the same name. It serves to say what wood is being chosen against.
- European Union — Eurostat GISCO — NUTS 2024 boundaries, level 1, scale 1:20 million
- The first-level NUTS units of every State, with code and name. It gives code and name to the jurisdictions that coincide with this level in a country: the sixteen German Länder.
- European Union — European Commission — Regulation (EU) 2015/1185 — ecodesign requirements for solid fuel local space heaters
- The common European floor for appliances up to 50 kW: efficiency requirements and emission limits that apply from 1 January 2022 in every Member State. It serves to tell apart what is harmonised — and therefore the same everywhere — from what each country adds on top. Consolidated version of 9 January 2017: it is the text in force, but it is NOT the authentic version. EUR-Lex declares authentic only the documents published in the Official Journal of the Union, and the consolidated text is editorial.
- European Union — European Commission — Regulation (EU) 2015/1189 — ecodesign requirements for solid fuel boilers
- The common European floor for boilers up to 500 kW, applicable from 1 January 2020. Together with 2015/1185 it bounds what does not vary from country to country. Consolidated version of 9 January 2017, editorial text: the authentic one is the publication in the Official Journal.
No open licence declared by the publisher — A document of KfW, a public-law institution. It declares no reuse licence: the conditions are cited as a source, with explicit attribution and a link to the original document. Applies to: Germany — KfW, Kreditanstalt für Wiederaufbau — Merkblatt for programme 458 — BEG grant for replacing the heating system, private individuals, residential buildings.
No open licence declared by the publisher — The portal is maintained by the Federal Ministry of Justice. The text is a legislative act and is cited as a source, reproduced in extract with the paragraph identified. The portal warns that the published versions do not replace official publication in the Bundesgesetzblatt. Applies to: Germany — Bundesministerium der Justiz — 1. BImSchV — Erste Verordnung zur Durchführung des Bundes-Immissionsschutzgesetzes, on small and medium combustion installations.
Reuse authorised by Decision 2011/833/EU — Eurostat allows reuse of its data, including commercial reuse, with the source indicated. The data remain official statistics as long as they are not recomputed: here they are not recomputed. Applies to: European Union — Eurostat — Disaggregated final energy consumption in households — quantities (nrg_d_hhq); European Union — Eurostat — Cooling and heating degree days by NUTS 2 regions — annual data (nrg_chddr2_a); European Union — Eurostat — Population on 1 January by broad age group, sex and NUTS 3 region (demo_r_pjanaggr3); European Union — Eurostat — Electricity prices for household consumers — bi-annual data (nrg_pc_204); European Union — Eurostat — Gas prices for household consumers — bi-annual data (nrg_pc_202); European Union — Eurostat GISCO — NUTS 2024 boundaries, level 1, scale 1:20 million.
Reuse authorised by Decision 2011/833/EU — EUR-Lex allows reuse of legal documents for commercial and non-commercial purposes, with the source and any changes indicated. The consolidated text is editorial content under CC BY 4.0; legal force remains with the publication in the Official Journal. Applies to: European Union — European Commission — Regulation (EU) 2015/1185 — ecodesign requirements for solid fuel local space heaters.
Reuse authorised by Decision 2011/833/EU — As for 2015/1185: commercial and non-commercial reuse with the source indicated, and legal force only in the publication in the Official Journal. Applies to: European Union — European Commission — Regulation (EU) 2015/1189 — ecodesign requirements for solid fuel boilers.