Wood heating
Croatia
National rules, incentive, climate and energy prices. The rules of the deciding level, where they have been read, are in the chapter «Where it is decided».
Verified on 16 September 2026 · to be rechecked by 16 October 2026. That no open call names biomass is stated by the Fund's calls page: a new call would appear there, without any document already read changing.
Rules valid across the country
Below 0.1 MW heat input: no national limit · from 0.1 MW heat input: 6 rules, from 1 act
Where it is decided
No acts read below national level
National incentive
No open call covering biomass
Rules valid across the country
Acts of the State, valid across the whole territory. Every rule carries the paragraph it comes from and the date it applies from.
- National framework
- 6 rules, from 1 act
Croatia ·
Below 0.1 MW, «no national limit» rests on this regulation, which starts at 0.1 MW. No other Croatian act setting emission limits for domestic appliances was found: searched on 17 September 2026 in the Narodne novine gazette. Not read: the air protection act (NN 127/2019), from which the regulation derives, and the acts on chimney sweeping and on the fire safety of chimneys. Not having found one does not prove that none exists.
What may be installed
None of the 49 articles in force of «Uredba o graničnim vrijednostima emisija onečišćujućih tvari u zrak iz nepokretnih izvora (NN 42/2021)», chapter VII, on combustion plants and gas turbines (Članak 74.–122.), on 16 September 2026, sets an installation requirement for small plants distinct from the operating limits.
Articles touching the subject
- Članak 91. stavak 1.: the Prilog 10 limits apply to every small plant, new or existing, and are listed under what may be used
- Članak 81. stavak 7.: when a new plant starts operating the act requires registration: it is listed under paperwork obligations
Uredba o graničnim vrijednostima emisija onečišćujućih tvari u zrak iz nepokretnih izvora (NN 42/2021), chapter VII, on combustion plants and gas turbines (Članak 74.–122.)
What may be used
The appliance must not exceed 1,000 mg/m³ of carbon monoxide, at 11% oxygen in the dry flue gas (Prilog 10. stavak 1.); power means heat input. Flue-gas blackening must not exceed grade 1 on the Ringelmann scale.
For small wood and biomass plants — «GVE za male uređaje za loženje koji koriste kruta goriva i goriva od biomase» · «za drvo i biomasu»
Only for systems with a nominal heat input from 0.1 MW and below 1 MW.
the text, on the publisher's site
In force from 29 April 2021, as recorded on 16 September 2026 · Uredba o graničnim vrijednostima emisija onečišćujućih tvari u zrak iz nepokretnih izvora (NN 42/2021), Prilog 10. stavak 1., za drvo i biomasu
The appliance must not exceed 1,000 mg/m³ of carbon monoxide, at 7% oxygen in the dry flue gas (Prilog 10. stavak 1.); power means heat input. Flue-gas blackening must not exceed grade 1 on the Ringelmann scale.
For small coal and fluidised-bed plants — «GVE za male uređaje za loženje koji koriste kruta goriva i goriva od biomase» · «za ugljen i vrtložno taloženje»
Only for systems with a nominal heat input from 0.1 MW and below 1 MW.
the text, on the publisher's site
In force from 29 April 2021, as recorded on 16 September 2026 · Uredba o graničnim vrijednostima emisija onečišćujućih tvari u zrak iz nepokretnih izvora (NN 42/2021), Prilog 10. stavak 1., za ugljen i vrtložno taloženje
Applies to the 2 rules above: The Prilog 10 sets no dust limit and no organic compounds limit for small plants: these are absences in the act, not in the reading. Flue-gas blackening is measured at least once a year, emissions at least once every two years (Article 112). The limits refer to dry flue gas at 273.15 K and 101.3 kPa (Article 91(2)).
Which fuel may be used
None of the 49 articles in force of «Uredba o graničnim vrijednostima emisija onečišćujućih tvari u zrak iz nepokretnih izvora (NN 42/2021)», chapter VII, on combustion plants and gas turbines (Članak 74.–122.), on 16 September 2026, sets a requirement on the wood fuel of small plants.
Articles touching the subject
- Članak 76. stavak 2.: biomass fuel is allowed in small furnaces, with no quality requirement
- Članak 76. stavak 1.: the only fuel requirement for small furnaces concerns coal: sulphur and ash
Uredba o graničnim vrijednostima emisija onečišćujućih tvari u zrak iz nepokretnih izvora (NN 42/2021), chapter VII, on combustion plants and gas turbines (Članak 74.–122.)
Which documents are needed
Only for systems with a nominal heat input from 0.1 MW and below 1 MW.
Register the plant in the register; a new or rebuilt plant within 30 days of start-up: «Operater malih, srednjih i velikih uređaja za loženje i srednjih i velikih plinskih turbina iz članka 75. ove Uredbe dužan je iste prijaviti u Registar» … «Operater novog ili rekonstruiranog postrojenja dužan je prijaviti postrojenje u Registar u roku 30 dana po puštanju u rad».
Where: the register of small, medium and large combustion plants, kept by the Ministry — «Registar vodi Ministarstvo».
In force from 29 April 2021, as recorded on 16 September 2026 · Uredba o graničnim vrijednostima emisija onečišćujućih tvari u zrak iz nepokretnih izvora (NN 42/2021), Članak 81. stavak 1. i 7.
Only for systems with a nominal heat input from 0.1 MW and below 1 MW.
Report to the register, by 31 March each year, the fuels used, the operating hours and the average load of the previous year, and the hours expected for the current year: «Podatke iz stavka 3. podstavaka 8., 9. i 10. ovoga članka operater je dužan dostaviti u Registar do 31. ožujka tekuće godine» — «Vrstu i udio upotrebljavanih goriva u prethodnoj godini», «Broj radnih sati uređaja za loženje ili plinske turbine i prosječno korišteno opterećenje u prethodnoj godini», «Očekivani broj sati rada uređaja za loženje ili plinske turbine za tekuću godinu».
Where: the register of small, medium and large combustion plants, kept by the Ministry — «Registar vodi Ministarstvo».
In force from 29 April 2021, as recorded on 16 September 2026 · Uredba o graničnim vrijednostima emisija onečišćujućih tvari u zrak iz nepokretnih izvora (NN 42/2021), Članak 81. stavak 11.
Only for systems with a nominal heat input from 0.1 MW and below 1 MW.
Keep the proof of registration, and for at least 6 years the monitoring results and the records on fuels and faults; hand them over without delay to whoever requests them: «Operater uređaja za loženje i/ili plinske turbine čuva sljedeće» … «najmanje šest godina» … «bez odgađanja operater je dužan dostaviti na zahtjev Ministarstvu i izvršnom tijelu JLS».
Where: the Ministry and the executive body of the local authority, at their request.
In force from 29 April 2021, as recorded on 16 September 2026 · Uredba o graničnim vrijednostima emisija onečišćujućih tvari u zrak iz nepokretnih izvora (NN 42/2021), Članak 89.
Only for systems with a nominal heat input from 0.1 MW and below 1 MW.
Have emissions measured at least once every two years and, with solid fuel, the smoke blackness at least once a year: «Emisija onečišćujućih tvari u otpadnim plinovima iz malih uređaja za loženje se utvrđuje povremenim mjerenjem, najmanje jedanput u dvije godine» … «najmanje jedanput godišnje».
Where: under the regulation on monitoring emissions from stationary sources (NN 47/2021), acquired and not yet read — «sukladno propisu kojim se uređuje praćenje emisija onečišćujućih tvari u zrak iz nepokretnih izvora» (Članak 111. stavak 1.).
In force from 29 April 2021, as recorded on 16 September 2026 · Uredba o graničnim vrijednostima emisija onečišćujućih tvari u zrak iz nepokretnih izvora (NN 42/2021), Članak 112.
Applicable exemptions
None of the 49 articles in force of «Uredba o graničnim vrijednostima emisija onečišćujućih tvari u zrak iz nepokretnih izvora (NN 42/2021)», chapter VII, on combustion plants and gas turbines (Članak 74.–122.), on 16 September 2026, sets a derogation for small plants.
Articles touching the subject
- Članak 100. stavak 1.: the derogations for operating hours, and those that follow up to Article 109, concern medium or large plants
- Članak 110. stavak 1.: the derogation for a shortage of low-sulphur fuel concerns medium and large plants
Uredba o graničnim vrijednostima emisija onečišćujućih tvari u zrak iz nepokretnih izvora (NN 42/2021), chapter VII, on combustion plants and gas turbines (Članak 74.–122.)
- European regulations
- 2 regulations acquired, with verified citations; their requirements are not modelled as rules yet
European Union ·
The two regulations are acquired with their fingerprint and verified citations. Their specifications are not modelled as rules: no rule in EMBER carries the «European Union» level, and the page shows the citations, not an obligation.
Where it is decided
City air quality action plans may require stricter limits for medium combustion plants (Article 93 of the regulation); no plan has been read, and whether any sets limits for domestic appliances has not been verified.
- Who sets the rules
Not acquired yetEMBER has not taken it from its source yet. That does not mean the figure does not exist, that it is zero, or that there are no restrictions.
Where to look: City air quality action plans (akcijski planovi za poboljšanje kvalitete zraka) may require stricter limits for medium combustion plants, under Article 93 of the regulation; no plan has been read, and whether any sets limits for domestic appliances has not been verified. Call EnU-2/25 names Slavonski Brod, Sisak and Kutina as cities with a valid plan. Look for them on the cities' websites and in the official gazettes of the counties.
no source ·
No source acquired. Last checked:
Not acquired yet. EMBER has not taken it from its source yet. That does not mean the figure does not exist, that it is zero, or that there are no restrictions.
Units with rules read (cities)
No unit with rules read.
Units not read (cities)
The units of this level are not listed: where to look for them is written above.
National incentive
- Measure
- Absence read No open call covering biomass
National calls for biomass appliances
None of the 30 calls listed on the page «Nacionalni javni pozivi i natječaji — Fond za zaštitu okoliša i energetsku učinkovitost», on 16 September 2026, names biomass or pellets.
Calls touching the subject
- call page EnU-6/26: the 2026 call funds heat pumps, solar PV and storage; neither the call nor its technical requirements name biomass or pellets. The page gives it as temporarily closed 27 hours after applications opened
- V. Prihvatljivi i opravdani troškovi, Tablica 2.: the last call with a wood boiler, from 2025: for measure M1 a grant of up to 8.000,00 EUR on eligible costs of up to 10.000,00 EUR, for residents of «Slavonski Brod, Sisak i Kutina». The page gives it as closed
Nacionalni javni pozivi i natječaji — Fond za zaštitu okoliša i energetsku učinkovitost, listed on the page
Measures not read
No measure declared as still to read.
Climate and energy prices in Croatia
How much heating is used and what it costs. These are European statistical measures, updated periodically: they describe the market, they do not impose obligations.
Heating degree days (European measure)
2,139 heating degree days
36% less than Austria, which is at 3,339 heating degree days.
33% less than Czechia, which is at 3,205 heating degree days.
in line with France, which is at 2,142 heating degree days.
25% less than Germany, which is at 2,858 heating degree days.
23% more than Italy, which is at 1,740 heating degree days.
18% less than Slovenia, which is at 2,599 heating degree days.
the value for the whole country, from the same table: here it is not attributed from a smaller unit, it is the country's own row.
year 2025 · computed from measured data
Eurostat heating degree days, 18 °C base with a 15 °C daily mean temperature activation threshold.
Not comparable with the degree days of Presidential Decree 412/1993: different base and threshold, and those are set by decree rather than measured.
Source: Eurostat, table nrg_chddr2_a. Updated annually.
Energy used by households for space heating
61,046 TJ
national value: it is the scale at which the energy balance exists, and it cannot be split further down without estimating it.
year 2024 · computed from measured data
final energy consumption of households for space heating, all energy carriers, from the annual energy balances.
Energy balances come out with roughly a two-year lag: the reference year is not the current year.
Reference period: 2024.
Source: Eurostat, table nrg_d_hhq. Updated annually.
Household electricity price — all taxes included
0.1658 €/kWh
49% cheaper than Austria, which is at 0.3272 €/kWh.
48% cheaper than Czechia, which is at 0.3217 €/kWh.
35% cheaper than France, which is at 0.2561 €/kWh.
57% cheaper than Germany, which is at 0.3869 €/kWh.
44% cheaper than Italy, which is at 0.2966 €/kWh.
22% cheaper than Slovenia, which is at 0.2121 €/kWh.
national value: it is the scale at which this price exists, and the only one Eurostat publishes it at.
2025 survey · administrative records
half-yearly average electricity price for household consumers, Eurostat survey of suppliers.
Price all charges included, VAT included.
Consumption 2500 to 4999 kWh a year (band DC).
The same price excluding taxes and VAT is 0.1335 €/kWh.
The consumption bands differ from one another more than they differ between countries: a price without its band is not a price.
Reference period: 2025-H2.
Source: Eurostat, table nrg_pc_204. Updated every six months.
Household gas price — all taxes included
0.0543 €/kWh
56% cheaper than Austria, which is at 0.1221 €/kWh.
43% cheaper than Czechia, which is at 0.0961 €/kWh.
62% cheaper than France, which is at 0.1436 €/kWh.
56% cheaper than Germany, which is at 0.1223 €/kWh.
63% cheaper than Italy, which is at 0.1481 €/kWh.
38% cheaper than Slovenia, which is at 0.0871 €/kWh.
national value: it is the scale at which this price exists, and the only one Eurostat publishes it at.
2025 survey · administrative records
half-yearly average gas price for household consumers, Eurostat survey of suppliers.
Price all charges included, VAT included.
Consumption 20 to 199 GJ a year (band D2).
The same price excluding taxes and VAT is 0.0517 €/kWh.
The consumption bands differ from one another more than they differ between countries: a price without its band is not a price.
Reference period: 2025-H2.
Source: Eurostat, table nrg_pc_202. Updated every six months.
Sources
The sha256 fingerprints identify the exact copy of the file these data come from. Content determines the name: the same file always has the same fingerprint and the same name.
Croatia — Environmental Protection and Energy Efficiency Fund (Fond za zaštitu okoliša i energetsku učinkovitost) — Javni poziv za provedbu pilot projekta ulaganja u zamjenu zastarjelih kotlova za grijanje (EnU-2/25)
· the file · the publisher's page
Fingerprint, preserved copy, licence and description
The 2025 pilot call to replace solid-fuel stoves and wood-fired central heating in Slavonski Brod, Sisak and Kutina. Measure M1 is the wood gasification boiler.
- The data refer to
- call of 16 July 2025, applications from 2 September 2025
- Acquired on
- File fingerprint (sha256)
68b2d60ff774bd1fabaf07a1390c4c4ae3424fa48647e7cbaa0b2324a6bd1a6c- Preserved copy
- In the source archive, under the name
68b2d60ff774bd1fabaf07a1390c4c4ae3424fa48647e7cbaa0b2324a6bd1a6c.pdf. The content determines the name: the same file always has the same fingerprint and the same name. - Licence
- No licence or terms of use found on the body's website. The Fund's website shows no page with terms of use at the point of acquisition. The document is kept to verify the citations and quoted with attribution; the absence of terms is not read as permission.
Croatia — Environmental Protection and Energy Efficiency Fund (Fond za zaštitu okoliša i energetsku učinkovitost) — FZOEU — Svi pozivi i natječaji
· the file
Fingerprint, preserved copy, licence and description
The page listing the Croatian Fund's calls with their status: it shows EnU-6/26, for heat pumps, photovoltaics and batteries, and EnU-2/25, the closed pilot call to replace old boilers in three cities.
- The data refer to
- status of the calls as shown on 14 September 2026
- Acquired on
- File fingerprint (sha256)
18dbb7b1366e5bff6e65e6e820d905a28ea393669cef1897a5db3cdbfcff8877- Preserved copy
- In the source archive, under the name
18dbb7b1366e5bff6e65e6e820d905a28ea393669cef1897a5db3cdbfcff8877.html. The content determines the name: the same file always has the same fingerprint and the same name. - Licence
- No licence or terms of use found on the body's website. The Fund's website shows no page with terms of use at the point of acquisition. The document is kept to verify the citations and quoted with attribution; the absence of terms is not read as permission.
Croatia — Government of the Republic of Croatia (Vlada Republike Hrvatske) — Uredba o graničnim vrijednostima emisija onečišćujućih tvari u zrak iz nepokretnih izvora, NN 42/2021
· the file · the publisher's page
Fingerprint, preserved copy, licence and description
The Croatian regulation on emission limit values for stationary sources. Small combustion plants start at 0.1 MW of heat input (Art. 75): below that threshold the act does not apply. For wood and biomass between 0.1 and 1 MW it sets smoke blackening and CO at 11 % oxygen (Annex 10), with no dust limit.
- Reference page
- https://narodne-novine.nn.hr/eli/sluzbeni/2021/42/827
- The data refer to
- Narodne novine 42/2021, published on 21 April 2021; in force from the eighth day after publication (Art. 168); text read on 14 September 2026
- Acquired on
- Text version
- Version not established. The preserved text is the one published in Narodne novine 42/2021, and Narodne novine publishes no consolidated version of it. That it is still the text in force is not established: a search for amendments in the gazette on 16 September 2026 found none, and that is not proof.
- File fingerprint (sha256)
fbcca029956de222666f8b217443f3b721d7e3e7627ee4dfbd52556de6b2d1e3- Preserved copy
- In the source archive, under the name
fbcca029956de222666f8b217443f3b721d7e3e7627ee4dfbd52556de6b2d1e3.html. The content determines the name: the same file always has the same fingerprint and the same name. - Licence
- No reuse licence stated; the content is declared protected. The usage notes of narodne-novine.nn.hr declare all content protected by copyright and usable only under the conditions set by law. The text is kept to verify the citations and quoted with attribution.
European Union — Eurostat — Disaggregated final energy consumption in households — quantities (nrg_d_hhq)
· the file · the publisher's page
Fingerprint, preserved copy, licence and description
How much energy households use, and for what: space heating, hot water, cooking. It is the denominator missing from almost every claim about biomass heating. Acquired per country, because the breakdown by end use does not exist at regional level.
- The data refer to
- latest year available at the date of acquisition
- Acquired on
- File fingerprint (sha256)
e4c02ed966714552ed0f9dd1b6b34d3197cfb551c415558c59f43a06c1e92b99- Preserved copy
- In the source archive, under the name
e4c02ed966714552ed0f9dd1b6b34d3197cfb551c415558c59f43a06c1e92b99.json. The content determines the name: the same file always has the same fingerprint and the same name. - Licence
- Reuse authorised by Decision 2011/833/EU. Eurostat allows reuse of its data, including commercial reuse, with the source indicated. The data remain official statistics as long as they are not recomputed: here they are not recomputed.
European Union — Eurostat — Cooling and heating degree days by NUTS 2 regions — annual data (nrg_chddr2_a)
· the file · the publisher's page
Fingerprint, preserved copy, licence and description
How cold it gets, in a measure comparable across countries. The dataset is titled for NUTS 2 regions but also holds the NUTS 3 level: 107 Italian units, all populated. It serves to say how much a rule actually weighs — a replacement obligation costs differently where heating runs eight months a year. It is NOT comparable with the degree days of Presidential Decree 412/1993 on Italian municipality pages: those are set by decree on a 20 °C base and never updated, these are computed on an 18 °C base with a 15 °C threshold.
- The data refer to
- latest year available at the date of acquisition
- Acquired on
- File fingerprint (sha256)
f1033767e02e2c52cb4ab85f313c09186e343737db406cf98aaca2c982c8b004- Preserved copy
- In the source archive, under the name
f1033767e02e2c52cb4ab85f313c09186e343737db406cf98aaca2c982c8b004.json. The content determines the name: the same file always has the same fingerprint and the same name. - Licence
- Reuse authorised by Decision 2011/833/EU. Eurostat allows reuse of its data, including commercial reuse, with the source indicated. The data remain official statistics as long as they are not recomputed: here they are not recomputed.
European Union — Eurostat — Electricity prices for household consumers — bi-annual data (nrg_pc_204)
· the file · the publisher's page
Fingerprint, preserved copy, licence and description
As for gas, and with the same warning about consumption bands: Eurostat publishes five of them, and they differ from one another more than they differ between countries. It serves the comparison with heat pumps, which is the real benchmark for biomass in both the Italian and the German incentives.
- The data refer to
- latest half-year available at the date of acquisition
- Acquired on
- File fingerprint (sha256)
6f4a0c7485afa23fe88f267c8128c913ef8a9c4b103b260b60d2e64ef64a5e8a- Preserved copy
- In the source archive, under the name
6f4a0c7485afa23fe88f267c8128c913ef8a9c4b103b260b60d2e64ef64a5e8a.json. The content determines the name: the same file always has the same fingerprint and the same name. - Licence
- Reuse authorised by Decision 2011/833/EU. Eurostat allows reuse of its data, including commercial reuse, with the source indicated. The data remain official statistics as long as they are not recomputed: here they are not recomputed.
European Union — Eurostat — Gas prices for household consumers — bi-annual data (nrg_pc_202)
· the file · the publisher's page
Fingerprint, preserved copy, licence and description
The price of gas for households, by consumption band and by tax treatment. Neither qualifier is incidental: the same series publishes prices net of taxes and all-inclusive prices, and the two figures carry the same name. It serves to say what wood is being chosen against.
- The data refer to
- latest half-year available at the date of acquisition
- Acquired on
- File fingerprint (sha256)
4f1c5e352805555b48094b474ca42b3231754d3617565acf29103c585ccd17fa- Preserved copy
- In the source archive, under the name
4f1c5e352805555b48094b474ca42b3231754d3617565acf29103c585ccd17fa.json. The content determines the name: the same file always has the same fingerprint and the same name. - Licence
- Reuse authorised by Decision 2011/833/EU. Eurostat allows reuse of its data, including commercial reuse, with the source indicated. The data remain official statistics as long as they are not recomputed: here they are not recomputed.
European Union — European Commission — Regulation (EU) 2015/1185 — ecodesign requirements for solid fuel local space heaters
· the file · the publisher's page
Fingerprint, preserved copy, licence and description
The common European floor for appliances up to 50 kW: efficiency requirements and emission limits that apply from 1 January 2022 in every Member State. It serves to tell apart what is harmonised — and therefore the same everywhere — from what each country adds on top. Consolidated version of 9 January 2017: it is the text in force, but it is NOT the authentic version. EUR-Lex declares authentic only the documents published in the Official Journal of the Union, and the consolidated text is editorial.
- File
- http://publications.europa.eu/resource/cellar/9ddd7d88-803e-4f6f-9dc9-9a54e13117f2.0006.04/DOC_1
- The data refer to
- act of 24 April 2015, requirements applicable from 1 January 2022; consolidation of 9 January 2017
- Acquired on
- Text version
- Consolidated text. Consolidated as of 9 January 2017, with amendment 2016/2282. The corrigendum of 16 June 2022 is not incorporated: it is terminological, touches the articles and not Annex II, and is preserved separately. The CELLAR graph lists no other amendments (the CELLAR source on acts amending, repealing, correcting or consolidating Regulations (EU) 2015/1185 and 2015/1189).
- File fingerprint (sha256)
1fd2699748094ebd9ef83c056516a3495eca3648e57bcd3b3500cea1eafd1a9d- Preserved copy
- In the source archive, under the name
1fd2699748094ebd9ef83c056516a3495eca3648e57bcd3b3500cea1eafd1a9d.pdf. The content determines the name: the same file always has the same fingerprint and the same name. - Licence
- Reuse authorised by Decision 2011/833/EU. EUR-Lex allows reuse of legal documents for commercial and non-commercial purposes, with the source and any changes indicated. The consolidated text is editorial content under CC BY 4.0; legal force remains with the publication in the Official Journal.
Sources and terms of use
- Croatia — Environmental Protection and Energy Efficiency Fund (Fond za zaštitu okoliša i energetsku učinkovitost) — Javni poziv za provedbu pilot projekta ulaganja u zamjenu zastarjelih kotlova za grijanje (EnU-2/25)
- The 2025 pilot call to replace solid-fuel stoves and wood-fired central heating in Slavonski Brod, Sisak and Kutina. Measure M1 is the wood gasification boiler.
- Croatia — Environmental Protection and Energy Efficiency Fund (Fond za zaštitu okoliša i energetsku učinkovitost) — FZOEU — Svi pozivi i natječaji
- The page listing the Croatian Fund's calls with their status: it shows EnU-6/26, for heat pumps, photovoltaics and batteries, and EnU-2/25, the closed pilot call to replace old boilers in three cities.
- Croatia — Government of the Republic of Croatia (Vlada Republike Hrvatske) — Uredba o graničnim vrijednostima emisija onečišćujućih tvari u zrak iz nepokretnih izvora, NN 42/2021
- The Croatian regulation on emission limit values for stationary sources. Small combustion plants start at 0.1 MW of heat input (Art. 75): below that threshold the act does not apply. For wood and biomass between 0.1 and 1 MW it sets smoke blackening and CO at 11 % oxygen (Annex 10), with no dust limit.
- European Union — Eurostat — Disaggregated final energy consumption in households — quantities (nrg_d_hhq)
- How much energy households use, and for what: space heating, hot water, cooking. It is the denominator missing from almost every claim about biomass heating. Acquired per country, because the breakdown by end use does not exist at regional level.
- European Union — Eurostat — Cooling and heating degree days by NUTS 2 regions — annual data (nrg_chddr2_a)
- How cold it gets, in a measure comparable across countries. The dataset is titled for NUTS 2 regions but also holds the NUTS 3 level: 107 Italian units, all populated. It serves to say how much a rule actually weighs — a replacement obligation costs differently where heating runs eight months a year. It is NOT comparable with the degree days of Presidential Decree 412/1993 on Italian municipality pages: those are set by decree on a 20 °C base and never updated, these are computed on an 18 °C base with a 15 °C threshold.
- European Union — Eurostat — Electricity prices for household consumers — bi-annual data (nrg_pc_204)
- As for gas, and with the same warning about consumption bands: Eurostat publishes five of them, and they differ from one another more than they differ between countries. It serves the comparison with heat pumps, which is the real benchmark for biomass in both the Italian and the German incentives.
- European Union — Eurostat — Gas prices for household consumers — bi-annual data (nrg_pc_202)
- The price of gas for households, by consumption band and by tax treatment. Neither qualifier is incidental: the same series publishes prices net of taxes and all-inclusive prices, and the two figures carry the same name. It serves to say what wood is being chosen against.
- European Union — European Commission — Regulation (EU) 2015/1185 — ecodesign requirements for solid fuel local space heaters
- The common European floor for appliances up to 50 kW: efficiency requirements and emission limits that apply from 1 January 2022 in every Member State. It serves to tell apart what is harmonised — and therefore the same everywhere — from what each country adds on top. Consolidated version of 9 January 2017: it is the text in force, but it is NOT the authentic version. EUR-Lex declares authentic only the documents published in the Official Journal of the Union, and the consolidated text is editorial.
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No reuse licence stated; the content is declared protected — The usage notes of narodne-novine.nn.hr declare all content protected by copyright and usable only under the conditions set by law. The text is kept to verify the citations and quoted with attribution. Applies to: Croatia — Government of the Republic of Croatia (Vlada Republike Hrvatske) — Uredba o graničnim vrijednostima emisija onečišćujućih tvari u zrak iz nepokretnih izvora, NN 42/2021.
Reuse authorised by Decision 2011/833/EU — Eurostat allows reuse of its data, including commercial reuse, with the source indicated. The data remain official statistics as long as they are not recomputed: here they are not recomputed. Applies to: European Union — Eurostat — Disaggregated final energy consumption in households — quantities (nrg_d_hhq); European Union — Eurostat — Cooling and heating degree days by NUTS 2 regions — annual data (nrg_chddr2_a); European Union — Eurostat — Electricity prices for household consumers — bi-annual data (nrg_pc_204); European Union — Eurostat — Gas prices for household consumers — bi-annual data (nrg_pc_202).
Reuse authorised by Decision 2011/833/EU — EUR-Lex allows reuse of legal documents for commercial and non-commercial purposes, with the source and any changes indicated. The consolidated text is editorial content under CC BY 4.0; legal force remains with the publication in the Official Journal. Applies to: European Union — European Commission — Regulation (EU) 2015/1185 — ecodesign requirements for solid fuel local space heaters.